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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Improving bleeding detector features for electron intraoperative radiotherapy.

Enrique Sanchis1, Silvia Casans2, Rafael García-Gil2

  • 1Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Valencia, E-46100, Spain; IRIMED Joint Research Unit (IIS La Fe - UV), Valencia, Spain.

Physica Medica : PM : an International Journal Devoted to the Applications of Physics to Medicine and Biology : Official Journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
|September 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances bleeding detection during intraoperative radiotherapy using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) applicators. The improved detector offers high visibility and reliable fluid detection regardless of applicator tilt, aiding quality assurance.

Keywords:
BleedingCapacitive sensorElectronsIntraoperative radiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Technology
  • Biomedical Instrumentation

Background:

  • Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) requires precise monitoring.
  • Existing methods for bleeding detection during IORT with linac polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) applicators have limitations.
  • Need for improved visual clarity and orientation-independent detection capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance bleeding detection during IORT using PMMA applicators.
  • To minimize detector's visual obstruction through PMMA applicators.
  • To eliminate detection asymmetry caused by applicator tilting.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations to optimize detector geometry for reduced visual impact and independent response to tilt.
  • Development of a low-noise signal conditioning circuit.
  • Experimental validation on 10 cm, 7 cm, and 4 cm diameter applicators at 0° and 45° tilt.

Main Results:

  • Detector visibility through PMMA applicators exceeds 50%.
  • Optimal fluid detection is maintained irrespective of applicator orientation when tilted.
  • Detection of fluid depths significantly below the clinically relevant 1-1.5 cm threshold is achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The developed detector reliably identifies fluid depths as low as 0.5 cm.
  • It maintains high visual field through PMMA applicators and provides orientation-independent measurements.
  • The prototype is ready for industrialization, poised to significantly impact IORT quality assurance and treatment outcomes.