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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
Published on: October 16, 2013
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacology and Special Preparations
Michele Barletta1, Rachel Reed1
1Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Abstract:
Local anesthetics are the only class of drugs that can block transduction and transmission of nociception. Physical properties, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics of this class of drugs are reviewed in this article. The clinical use, such intravenous administration of lidocaine, and local and systemic toxic effects are covered. A review of current studies published in the human and veterinary literature on lidocaine patches (Lidoderm) and liposomal bupivacaine (Experal and Nocita) are discussed.
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08:49Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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