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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Prognostic Indicators in Heart Failure - The Role of Phase Angle and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
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Demystifying Lactate in the Emergency Department.

Gabriel Wardi1, Jessica Brice2, Matthew Correia2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA.

Annals of Emergency Medicine
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Lactate, a byproduct of metabolism, is increasingly used in emergency departments. This review clarifies lactate

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Diagnostics and Patient Prognosis

Background:

  • Lactate measurement is a key quality measure for sepsis care in emergency departments (ED).
  • Hyperlactatemia (elevated lactate levels) can stem from diverse causes beyond sepsis.
  • Understanding lactate's role requires knowledge of its production, metabolism, and clinical significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biology of lactate production and metabolism.
  • To explore the various causes of hyperlactatemia.
  • To examine lactate's utility as a prognostic and resuscitation marker in the ED.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on lactate biology, causes of hyperlactatemia, and clinical applications.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding lactate's role in prognosis and resuscitation.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of lactate in sepsis care.

Main Results:

  • Lactate is produced through anaerobic metabolism but also has aerobic functions.
  • Hyperlactatemia has numerous etiologies, including hypoperfusion, certain medications, and metabolic disorders.
  • Lactate levels correlate with disease severity and outcomes in various critical conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate interpretation of lactate levels in the ED requires considering non-septic causes.
  • Lactate serves as a valuable marker for prognosis and guiding resuscitation efforts.
  • Further research is needed to refine lactate's role in critical care.