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Related Concept Videos

Calcium Imaging in Mouse Superior Colliculus10:43

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Most rock units exhibit some form of planar surfaces or linear features. Examples include bedding-, fault-, fracture-, and joint-surfaces, and various forms of foliation and mineral alignment. The spatial orientation of these features form the critical raw data used to constrain models addressing the origin and subsequent deformation of rock units.
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This video describes the method of retrograde labeling of RGC by applying fluoro-gold (FG) on the surface of superior colliculus (SC). Technique involves drilling the skull, aspirating the cortex, and applying gelatin sponge over entire dorsal surface of...
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Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Coding and Mechanisms of Visual Processing in the Superior Colliculus
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Genetically Defined Functional Modules for Spatial Orienting in the Mouse Superior Colliculus.

Laura Masullo1, Letizia Mariotti1, Nicolas Alexandre1

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neurobiology Division, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.

Current Biology : CB
|September 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a specific group of neurons, Pitx2-expressing (Pitx2ON) neurons, in the superior colliculus (SC). These neurons control head movements for spatial orientation and are organized in modules within the SC.

Keywords:
Pitx2head movementmotor controlorienting behavioursuperior colliculus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Animals use head movements for spatial orientation and interaction with their environment.
  • The superior colliculus (SC) is crucial for generating orienting behaviors, but the roles of specific neuron types are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To genetically identify and functionally characterize neuronal subclasses within the murine SC.
  • To investigate the contribution of specific SC neurons to head movements and spatial orientation.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic dissection of the murine SC.
  • Optogenetic stimulation of identified neuronal populations.
  • Behavioral analysis during naturalistic foraging tasks.

Main Results:

  • A homogeneous subclass of glutamatergic neurons expressing the transcription factor Pitx2 (Pitx2ON neurons) was identified in the SC.
  • Optogenetic stimulation of Pitx2ON neurons elicited 3D head movements with saccade-like kinematics.
  • Pitx2ON neuron activity preceded and predicted head movements during foraging.
  • Pitx2ON neurons are organized into anatomical modules tiling the SC's intermediate layer, representing discrete spatial motor spaces.

Conclusions:

  • Pitx2ON neurons represent a functionally and genetically defined population within the SC.
  • These neurons play a direct role in generating spatially tuned head movements.
  • The modular organization of Pitx2ON neurons provides a substrate for integrating sensory and motor information for targeted movements.
  • The SC functions as a modularly organized spatial-motor register.