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Related Concept Videos

A Method for Measuring RNA N6-methyladenosine Modifications in Cells and Tissues08:56

A Method for Measuring RNA N6-methyladenosine Modifications in Cells and Tissues

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A modified northern blotting method for measuring N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications in RNA is described. The current method can detect modifications in diverse RNAs and controls under various experimental...
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Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA represent an understudied layer of translation regulation that has recently been linked to central nervous system plasticity. Here, sample preparation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach is described for simultaneous characterization of numerous RNA modifications in single...
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This article provides a detailed procedure on the solid-phase synthesis, purification, and characterization of dodecamers of RNA modified at the C2'-O-position. UV-vis and circular dichroism photometric analyses are used to quantify and characterize structural aspects, i.e., single-strands or...
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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing08:25

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that may have roles in transcriptional regulation and mediating interactions between proteins. Following assessment of different parameters for construction of circRNA sequencing libraries, a protocol was compiled utilizing stranded total RNA library preparation with RNase R pre-treatment and is presented...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

A Method for Measuring RNA N6-methyladenosine Modifications in Cells and Tissues
08:56

A Method for Measuring RNA N6-methyladenosine Modifications in Cells and Tissues

Published on: December 5, 2016

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N6-Methyladenosine Modification Controls Circular RNA Immunity.

Y Grace Chen1, Robert Chen2, Sadeem Ahmad3

  • 1Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.

Molecular Cell
|September 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human circular RNAs (circRNAs) modified with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) evade innate immunity. Unmodified foreign circRNAs activate anti-tumor immunity, a process suppressed by m6A modification.

Keywords:
N6-methyladenosineRIG-IYTHDFcancer immunotherapycircular RNAself/non-selfvaccine

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Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundant in eukaryotic cells and viral genomes.
  • Mammalian innate immunity detects foreign circRNAs, but the self/foreign discrimination mechanism remains unclear.
  • RNA modifications, like N6-methyladenosine (m6A), play crucial roles in RNA function and regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of m6A modification in circRNA recognition by the innate immune system.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which circRNAs modulate immune responses.
  • To determine if circRNAs can be harnessed for immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Western blotting and immunoprecipitation to detect m6A-circRNA and YTHDF2 interaction.
  • RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) to identify m6A-circRNA targets.
  • Stimulation of immune cells with modified and unmodified circRNAs.
  • In vivo studies using mouse models to assess anti-tumor immunity.

Main Results:

  • m6A modification on human circRNAs inhibits innate immune activation.
  • Unmodified foreign circRNAs act as potent adjuvants, enhancing T-cell responses, antibody production, and anti-tumor immunity.
  • The m6A reader protein YTHDF2 is essential for suppressing circRNA-mediated innate immunity.
  • Unmodified circRNAs activate the RIG-I/MAVS/IRF3 signaling pathway, while m6A-modified circRNAs do not.

Conclusions:

  • m6A modification serves as a 'self' signal for circRNAs, preventing innate immune recognition.
  • CircRNA-based immunotherapy holds promise for enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
  • The findings reveal a novel mechanism of innate immunity and its regulation by RNA modification.