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Source: Kay Stewart, RVT, RLATG, CMAR; Valerie A. Schroeder, RVT, RLATG. University of Notre Dame, IN
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
11:05

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

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General Anesthesia: A Probe to Explore Consciousness.

Vincent Bonhomme1,2,3, Cécile Staquet1,3, Javier Montupil1,2,3

  • 1Anesthesia and Intensive Care Laboratory, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
|September 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

General anesthesia alters consciousness, creating different states like unconsciousness or disconnected awareness. This review explores anesthesia

Keywords:
brain functionbrain networksconsciousnessgeneral anesthesiamechanisms

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Anesthesiology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • General anesthesia reversibly alters consciousness, offering a unique model to study brain function.
  • Anesthetic agents induce diverse states, from unconsciousness to disconnected or connected consciousness, impacting memory formation.
  • Advances in brain imaging reveal significant changes in brain connectivity and network dynamics during anesthesia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of anesthesia-induced alterations in consciousness.
  • To explore how anesthesia serves as a model for studying consciousness.
  • To identify unresolved questions and future research directions in anesthesia and consciousness.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature on general anesthesia and consciousness.
  • Analysis of insights from various anesthetic agents including propofol, halogenated vapors, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, benzodiazepines, and xenon.
  • Discussion of neural correlates, network topology, and spatio-temporal dynamics during anesthesia.

Main Results:

  • General anesthesia induces distinct states of consciousness, affecting subjective experience and memory.
  • Significant alterations in brain connectivity, network topology, and dynamics are observed during anesthesia.
  • Despite common effects, precise mechanisms and inter-individual variations pose challenges in understanding anesthesia-induced unconsciousness.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthesia provides a valuable tool for exploring the neural basis of consciousness.
  • Numerous questions remain regarding consciousness states, memory, sensory processing, and anesthetic mechanisms.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise neural substrates and mechanisms underlying anesthesia-induced alterations in consciousness.