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Sex estimation by Mastoid Triangle using 3D models.

Diana H Toneva1, Silviya Y Nikolova1, Dora K Zlatareva2

  • 1Department of Anthropology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Homo : Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Die Vergleichende Forschung Am Menschen
|September 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The Mastoid Triangle (MT) dimensions can accurately estimate sex in Bulgarian adults, with the total MT area being the most effective indicator. This method achieved up to 89% accuracy in sex determination.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Craniometry
  • Sex Estimation

Background:

  • The Mastoid Triangle (MT) is a craniofacial anatomical region defined by specific landmarks.
  • Accurate sex estimation is crucial in forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology.
  • Previous studies have explored various craniofacial metrics for sex determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate sex differences in Mastoid Triangle (MT) dimensions among Bulgarian adults.
  • To develop and validate discriminant functions for sex estimation using MT measurements.
  • To identify the most effective MT metric for sex determination in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 148 head CT scans from Bulgarian adults.
  • 3D skull reconstruction using InVesalius software and landmark digitization with MeshLab.
  • Calculation of MT sides, area, and angles, followed by statistical analysis (t-tests, discriminant function analysis).

Main Results:

  • Significant sex differences were observed in MT sides, area, and the angle at the mastoidale landmark.
  • Bilateral asymmetry was noted in males for the porion-mastoidale distance (right side greater).
  • MT dimensions demonstrated high discriminating power for sex estimation (up to 89% accuracy), with total MT area being the best predictor.

Conclusions:

  • Mastoid Triangle dimensions are reliable indicators for sex estimation in Bulgarian adults.
  • The total MT area is a robust single metric for sex determination.
  • The developed discriminant functions proved effective for sex estimation in the studied population.