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Differences in omentin-1 levels in term newborns according to birth weight
Citlalli E Hernández-Rodríguez1, Cynthia M Estrada-Zúñiga1, Manuel E De la O-Cavazos1
1Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez", Department of Pediatrics, Monterrey, Mexico.
Insights
Newborns who are small for gestational age (SGA) have higher omentin-1 levels, while large for gestational age (LGA) newborns have lower levels. These findings suggest omentin-1 may play a role in insulin sensitivity from birth.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Neonatology
- Metabolic Research
Background:
- Adipokines, like omentin-1, are adipose-derived proteins involved in metabolic regulation.
- Prenatal development influences long-term metabolic health, with small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age newborns at higher risk for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare omentin-1 concentrations in umbilical cord blood of term newborns based on birth weight.
- To investigate the association between cord blood omentin-1 levels and anthropometric measurements, glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity.
Main Methods:
- Secondary analysis of stored umbilical cord blood samples from term newborns.
- Classification of newborns into SGA (n=30), AGA (n=12), and LGA (n=34) groups based on birth weight.
- Measurement of serum omentin-1, glucose, and insulin levels; calculation of HOMA-IR, QUICK-I, and FGIR.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in serum omentin-1 levels were observed between SGA (328.17 ± 108.04 ng/mL), AGA (253.05 ± 98.25 ng/mL), and LGA (250.91 ± 100.48 ng/mL) newborns (p=0.009).
- Linear regression revealed HOMA-IR, QUICK-I, and FGIR as predictors of serum omentin-1 levels (r=0.175, p=0.003).
Conclusions:
- Cord blood omentin-1 levels differ based on gestational age-adjusted birth weight, with higher levels in SGA and lower levels in LGA newborns.
- The predictive relationship between insulin sensitivity indices (HOMA-IR, QUICK-I, FGIR) and omentin-1 suggests a potential role for omentin-1 in neonatal insulin sensitivity.
Background:
Adipokines are produced by adipose tissue and are involved in metabolic processes. Omentin-1 is an adipokine that has been shown in vitro to possibly be involved in insulin sensitivity modulation. The prenatal stage is a crucial period for development of metabolic diseases in the long term, therefore, small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age newborns have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome later in life.
Aims:
To evaluate the differences in omentin-1 concentrations in umbilical cord blood from healthy term newborns according to birth weight and explore the association between omentin-1 and anthropometry, glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity.
Study Design:
This was a secondary analysis of stored umbilical cord blood of term newborns.
Subjects:
Newborns classified according to birth weight as SGA (n = 30), adequate for gestational age (AGA) (n = 12) and LGA (n = 34).
Outcome Measures:
An analysis of omentin-1, glucose and insulin were performed.
Results:
Differences were found in serum omentin-1 levels (ng/mL) between SGA 328.17 ± 108.04, AGA 253.05 ± 98.25 and LGA 250.91 ± 100.48 (p = 0.009). In the linear regression analysis, the independent variables HOMA-IR, QUICK-I and FGIR were predictors of serum omentin-1 levels (r = 0.175, p = 0.003).
Conclusions:
Omentin-1 cord blood levels have a differentiated behavior according to weight for gestational age with LGA newborns having lower levels and SGA newborns higher levels. HOMA-IR, QUICK-I and FGIR weakly predicted omentin-1 in cord blood, suggesting that omentin-1 possibly has an implication in insulin sensitivity since birth.
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