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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
Published on: June 19, 2016
Examining the role of feedback in TMS-induced visual suppression: A cautionary tale
Evan G Center1, Ramisha Knight2, Monica Fabiani1
1Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL 61820, United States; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
Abstract:
Visual suppression by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) has been attributed to interruptions of either feedforward or feedback activity in the visual stream. The relative timing of the C1 event related potential (ERP) and of the TMS suppression, taken from separate studies, supports an interruption of feedback. Here we probe the validity of such cross-study comparisons, both by conducting a literature survey and by measuring each time window within participants for the same stimuli. Cortical transmission time was estimated using the C1. We then suppressed the same stimuli that elicited the C1 using sTMS of variable post-stimulus lags. Results do not conclusively discriminate between interruption of feedback or feedforward mechanisms as the source of the visual suppression. We suggest that more evidence is needed to distinguish between feedback and feedforward interference in TMS suppression effects and we advise caution in making inferences derived from separate literatures, using different stimuli.
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