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Related Concept Videos

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia13:08

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This paper describes how to use the emotional oddball task and fMRI to measure brain activation in children and adolescents at familial high risk for schizophrenia (FHR). FMRI was used to measure differences in fronto-striato-limbic regions during an emotional oddball task. Children with FHR exhibited abnormal functional activation during...
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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
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Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

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Cingulum bundle abnormalities and risk for schizophrenia.

Jennifer Fitzsimmons1, Pedro Rosa2, Valerie J Sydnor1

  • 1Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.

Schizophrenia Research
|September 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis show cingulum bundle (CB) abnormalities, potentially linked to myelin. These structural brain changes may underlie cognitive deficits in attention and memory.

Keywords:
Cingulum bundleDiffusion Tensor ImagingFractional anisotropyHigh risk psychosisLimbic systemMyelination

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The cingulum bundle (CB) is a crucial white matter tract in the limbic system, vital for emotional expression, attention, motivation, and working memory.
  • Abnormalities in the CB, particularly those related to myelin, are implicated in schizophrenia.
  • Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis may exhibit similar CB alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural abnormalities in the CB of individuals at CHR for psychosis.
  • To determine if cognitive deficits associated with CB function correlate with its structural integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was used to assess the CB in 20 CHR individuals and 23 healthy controls.
  • Measures of white matter integrity, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD), were analyzed.
  • Tractography was employed to evaluate CB structure and integrity.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences were observed between CHR individuals and controls in FA, RD, and trace (a marker of atrophy).
  • No significant differences were found in axial diffusivity (AD), suggesting axonal integrity was preserved.
  • No significant correlations were found between DTI measures and clinical symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest the presence of CB abnormalities, possibly myelin-related, in individuals at CHR for psychosis.
  • These structural changes may contribute to the cognitive impairments seen in individuals at risk for psychosis.