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Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.3K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
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Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Object Substitution Masking10:14

Object Substitution Masking

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Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University
Visual masking is a term used by perceptual scientists to refer to a wide range of phenomena in which in an image is presented but not perceived by an observer because of the presentation of a second image. There are several different kinds of masking, many of them relatively intuitive and unsurprising. But one surprising and important type of masking is called Object Substitution Masking. It has been a focus of research in...
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Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms08:05

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

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Here we explore contralateral tactile masking between the forearms in which tactile detection thresholds are modulated by vibration applied to a remote site. The details of which remote sites have an effect can tell us about how the body is represented in the brain.
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Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
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Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

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EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms
08:05

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Published on: February 10, 2016

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Masked Hypertension: A Systematic Review.

Harsh V Thakkar1, Alun Pope2, Mahesan Anpalahan3

  • 1Department of General Medicine, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.

Heart, Lung & Circulation
|September 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Masked Hypertension (MHT) and Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension (MUCH) are common conditions with risks similar to sustained hypertension. Out-of-office blood pressure monitoring is recommended for diagnosis and treatment consideration in high-risk individuals.

Keywords:
Ambulatory blood pressureHome blood pressureMasked hypertensionMasked phenomenonMasked uncontrolled hypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • Masked Hypertension (MHT) and Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension (MUCH) are recognized clinical entities, yet many aspects remain unclear.
  • Understanding their prevalence, clinical significance, and management is crucial for cardiovascular health.
  • These conditions represent a significant challenge in hypertension diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on MHT and MUCH, focusing on epidemiology, clinical significance, evaluation, and management.
  • To perform meta-analyses on the prevalence, clinical significance, and diagnostic agreement of MHT/MUCH using different blood pressure monitoring methods.
  • To synthesize current evidence regarding the risks and management strategies for MHT and MUCH.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of MHT/MUCH from January 2000 to June 2018.
  • Meta-analyses were conducted for prevalence, clinical significance, and diagnostic agreement between Home Blood Pressure (HBP) and Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP) measurements.
  • Comparative analysis of risks associated with MHT/MUCH versus sustained hypertension (SHT).

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of MHT/MUCH varied, with weighted-mean prevalence of 10-13% in the general population and 28-43% among those with normal office BP.
  • Ambulatory Blood Pressure (ABP) showed higher sensitivity for diagnosing MHT/MUCH compared to Home Blood Pressure (HBP).
  • MHT/MUCH was associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiac and cerebrovascular events, comparable to sustained hypertension (SHT).

Conclusions:

  • Masked Hypertension (MHT) and Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension (MUCH) represent common phenotypes with cardiovascular risk profiles similar to sustained hypertension.
  • Out-of-office blood pressure assessment, potentially using both HBP and ABP, is recommended for accurate diagnosis in high-risk patients.
  • Further evidence is needed to guide the management of MHT and MUCH.