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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology04:42

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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses11:19

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A major impediment to biochemical analyses of ribosomes containing nascent peptidyl-tRNAs has been the presence of other ribosomes in the same samples, ribosomes not involved in the translation of the specific mRNA sequence being analyzed. We developed a simple methodology to purify, exclusively, the ribosomes containing the nascent peptidyl-tRNA of...
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Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology
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Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology

Published on: October 1, 2007

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Engineered ribosomes with tethered subunits for expanding biological function.

Erik D Carlson1,2,3,4, Anne E d'Aquino1,2,3,5, Do Soon Kim1,2,3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E-136, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.

Nature Communications
|September 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered Ribo-T ribosomes with improved designs and new orthogonal pairs enhance protein expression and cell growth. Optimized Ribo-T can synthesize diverse proteins and incorporate non-canonical amino acids.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ribo-T is a ribosome with covalently tethered subunits, enabling orthogonal ribosome-mRNA systems.
  • The original Ribo-T exhibited limited activity, hindering its practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome Ribo-T's limitations by enhancing its activity and efficiency.
  • To develop new Ribo-T/mRNA pairs for parallel and independent protein expression.
  • To engineer ribosomes with altered catalytic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Evolutionary approach to select improved tether designs for Ribo-T.
  • Development of new orthogonal Ribo-T/mRNA pairs.
  • Assessment of Ribo-T's ability to support cell growth and protein expression.

Main Results:

  • Optimized Ribo-T designs support faster cell growth and increased protein expression.
  • New orthogonal Ribo-T/mRNA pairs function independently of natural systems, boosting orthogonal protein expression efficiency.
  • Enhanced Ribo-T synthesizes diverse proteins and incorporates multiple non-canonical amino acids.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced Ribo-T designs significantly improve ribosome function and protein synthesis capabilities.
  • These advanced Ribo-T systems offer powerful tools for ribosome research and engineering.
  • The engineered ribosomes have potential applications in synthetic biology and protein engineering.