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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Self-thermoelectrophoresis at low salinity.

Joost de Graaf1, Sela Samin

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.degraaf@uu.nl.

Soft Matter
|September 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A Janus colloid heated locally can self-propel via self-thermo(di)electrophoresis in electrolytes. This study numerically and analytically explores hot swimmer dynamics, revealing high speeds at low salt concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Electrokinetics

Background:

  • Janus colloids offer tunable properties for microswimmer applications.
  • Self-thermo(di)electrophoresis is a mechanism for self-propulsion driven by local heating.
  • Understanding electrokinetic effects is crucial for microswimmer design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically and analytically investigate the self-propulsion of locally heated Janus colloids (hot swimmers) in electrolytes.
  • To characterize the influence of electrostatic screening and salt concentration on swimmer dynamics.
  • To analyze the fluid flow generated by self-thermo(di)electrophoresis.

Main Methods:

  • Finite-element method for numerical simulations.
  • Analytic theory development and application.
  • Teubner's integral formalism for low salt concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Excellent agreement between analytic theory and numerical calculations at high salinity.
  • Semi-quantitative agreement for conducting swimmers at low salt concentrations using Teubner's formalism.
  • Numerically obtained high swim speeds for fully insulating swimmers at very low ionic strength.

Conclusions:

  • The study validates theoretical approaches for self-thermo(di)electrophoresis across various salinities.
  • Credibility is lent to high swim speeds observed in insulating hot swimmers at low ionic strength.
  • Results provide insights beneficial for experimental realization and analysis of thermo(di)electrophoretic swimmers.