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Related Concept Videos

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We present a detailed protocol to generate a murine xenograft model of venous malformation. This model is based on the subcutaneous injection of patient-derived endothelial cells containing hyper-activating TIE2 and/or PIK3CA gene mutations. Xenograft lesions closely recapitulate the histopathological features of VM patient...
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Here, we present a protocol for measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG),the gold standard to diagnose clinically significant portal hypertension. Moreover, we describe how to perform a transjugular liver biopsy within the same...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation
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Venous Thromboembolism at High Altitude: Our Approach to Patients at Risk.

Andrew D Trunk1, Matthew T Rondina1,2,3,4, David A Kaplan1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.

High Altitude Medicine & Biology
|September 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

High altitude travel may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), a serious blood clot condition. This review explores high-altitude VTE risks, mechanisms, and prevention strategies for travelers.

Keywords:
deep vein thrombosishigh altitudepulmonary embolismthrombophiliavenous thromboembolism

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Environmental Medicine
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • The etiopathogenesis of VTE is multifactorial, involving genetic, acquired, and environmental factors.
  • High-altitude (HA) travel is an emerging environmental risk factor for VTE, potentially interacting with hereditary and acquired thrombophilias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of high-altitude VTE (HA-VTE).
  • To explore the potential mechanisms underlying thrombosis at high altitudes.
  • To provide a clinical approach for risk stratification, counseling, and management of patients undertaking HA travel.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of HA-VTE.
  • Discussion of current clinical guidelines and their limitations regarding HA travel.
  • Development of risk stratification and management strategies for HA travelers.

Main Results:

  • Limited but suggestive evidence links HA travel to increased VTE risk.
  • Potential mechanisms include hypoxia-induced hypercoagulability and endothelial dysfunction.
  • Current guidelines do not specifically address HA-VTE prevention.

Conclusions:

  • HA travel represents a distinct environmental risk factor for VTE.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate HA-VTE mechanisms and optimize prevention.
  • A proactive approach to risk assessment and counseling is recommended for individuals traveling to high altitudes.