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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
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Elements and Compounds01:27

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
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Classifying Matter by Composition
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TERAD: Extraction of transposable element composition from RADseq data.

Solomon T C Chak1, Dustin R Rubenstein1

  • 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Molecular Ecology Resources
|September 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq) offers an economical method to analyze transposable elements (TEs) in large genomes. This technique provides TE composition data comparable to whole-genome sequencing, making repeatome studies more accessible.

Keywords:
SynalpheusbioinformaticsddRADseqgenome sizemobile genetic element

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Evolution

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences comprising a significant portion of many genomes.
  • Low-coverage whole-genome sequencing is often uneconomical for surveying TEs in species with large genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq) as an affordable alternative for surveying TE composition.
  • To develop a bioinformatics pipeline for extracting TE data from RADSeq datasets.

Main Methods:

  • In silico analysis of double digest RADSeq (ddRADseq) markers against whole-genome assemblies.
  • Empirical comparison of TE compositions from ddRADseq and low-coverage whole-genome sequencing in Synalpheus snapping shrimp.
  • Development of the TERAD bioinformatics pipeline.

Main Results:

  • ddRADseq markers accurately reflect TE composition across arthropods compared to whole-genome assemblies.
  • TE compositions derived from ddRADseq and low-coverage whole-genome sequencing are comparable in large-genome species.
  • The TERAD pipeline effectively extracts TE compositions from RADSeq data.

Conclusions:

  • RADSeq is a viable and cost-effective method for studying the repeatome, particularly in species with large genomes.
  • This approach enhances the feasibility of comparative genomic studies of genome structure and TEs.