Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

22.2K
The retina shares prominent similarities with the brain and thus represents a unique window to study vasculature and neuronal structure in the brain non-invasively. This protocol describes a method to study dementia using retinal imaging techniques. This method can potentially aid in diagnosis and risk assessment of...
22.2K
Dementia01:30

Dementia

531
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
531
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

1.2K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.2K
Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

2.8K
Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
2.8K
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.6K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.6K
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

818
Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
818

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early binding of anti-amyloid antibodies to CAA drives complement activation, inflammation and ARIA in mice.

Molecular neurodegeneration·2026
Same author

Early Binding of Anti-Amyloid Antibodies to CAA Drives Complement Activation, Inflammation and ARIA in Mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Developing Topics.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Developing Topics.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Developing Topics.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

The complement cascade in Alzheimer's disease: modern implications of an ancient immune protagonist.

Molecular neurodegeneration·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

22.2K

Olfactory dysfunction in the pathophysiological continuum of dementia.

Praveen Bathini1, Emanuele Brai2, Lavinia Alberi Auber3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.

Ageing Research Reviews
|September 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Smell loss is an early indicator of brain diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, appearing years before symptoms. Research explores sensory decline mechanisms and potential diagnostic tools for early intervention.

Keywords:
AgingAlzheimer’s diseaseDementiaInflammationMicrobesOlfactionOlfactory diagnosticsOlfactory nerveSmell loss

More Related Videos

Dementia
01:30

Dementia

531
An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice
09:33

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2018

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

22.2K
Dementia
01:30

Dementia

531
An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice
09:33

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2018

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Sensory decline, particularly smell loss, is increasingly recognized as an early preclinical sign of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • This sensory dysfunction can precede cognitive and motor symptoms of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease by over a decade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review findings on chemosensory impairment as a marker of pathological brain aging.
  • To connect sensory network dysfunction to environmental factors implicated in sporadic dementia.
  • To highlight the potential of chemosensory diagnostics for early disease detection and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on sensory decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Analysis of the role of the chemosensory system in brain aging and disease.
  • Exploration of environmental influences on dementia development.

Main Results:

  • Smell loss is a well-characterized preclinical sign of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
  • The chemosensory system's vulnerability (lack of blood-brain barrier, environmental exposure) contributes to neurodegeneration.
  • Sensory impairment significantly impacts daily autonomy and may contribute to cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • Chemosensory diagnostics show promise for identifying individuals in the presymptomatic stages of dementia.
  • Understanding sensory network dysfunction mechanisms is crucial for developing early treatment strategies.
  • Integrating sensory biomarkers with other diagnostics may enable timely interventions before irreversible brain damage occurs.