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Related Concept Videos

The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum01:24

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
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Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

2.0K
When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar...
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Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

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An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

The Electromagnetic Spectrum
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FTD spectrum: Neuroimaging across the FTD spectrum.

Jennifer L Whitwell1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|September 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a complex brain disorder. Neuroimaging advances, including tau PET ligands, are crucial for understanding FTD pathophysiology and improving diagnosis.

Keywords:
AgrammaticApraxia of speechConnectivityMRINeurodegenerationProgranulin, C9ORF72SemanticTDP-43Tau

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with diverse clinical, pathological, and genetic presentations.
  • Neuroimaging is vital for elucidating FTD pathophysiology and developing diagnostic biomarkers.
  • Research has evolved from identifying patterns of neurodegeneration to understanding network disruptions in FTD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of neuroimaging in understanding frontotemporal dementia.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of neuroimaging biomarkers in FTD.
  • To discuss advancements in molecular positron emission tomography (PET) for in vivo tau imaging in FTD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early and recent neuroimaging studies in frontotemporal dementia.
  • Analysis of structural and functional neuroimaging techniques.
  • Evaluation of molecular positron emission tomography (PET) ligands for tau imaging.

Main Results:

  • Neuroimaging has defined patterns of neurodegeneration and hypometabolism in FTD.
  • Breakdowns in structural and functional brain networks are key features of FTD.
  • Molecular PET ligands offer insights into in vivo tau pathology in FTD.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging is indispensable for understanding the complex nature of frontotemporal dementia.
  • Continued research into tau PET ligands is necessary for advancing FTD diagnosis and treatment.
  • Advanced neuroimaging techniques are critical for characterizing FTD subtypes and progression.