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Diffusion

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...

Diffusion

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

This manuscript describes how to use the wavelet entropy index to analyze high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) data. We show that the irregularity of cerebral and cardiac activities became more coordinated during mindfulness-based stress reduction...

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques

The goal of this article is to describe how cardiac magnetic resonance can be used for the evaluation and diagnosis of a suspected cardiac thrombus. The method presented will describe data acquisition as well as the pre-procedure and post-procedure...

The Ladder Rung Walking Task: A Scoring System and its Practical Application.

The Ladder Rung Walking Task: A Scoring System and its Practical Application.

The ladder rung walking task is a new test to assess skilled walking and measure both forelimb and hindlimb placing, stepping, and inter-limb...

Diffusion and Osmosis

Diffusion and Osmosis

Cell Membranes and Diffusion
In order to function, cells are required to move materials in and out of their cytoplasm via their cell membranes. These membranes are semipermeable, meaning that certain molecules are allowed to pass through, but not others. This movement of molecules is mediated by the phospholipid bilayer and its embedded proteins, some of which act as transport channels for molecules that otherwise would not be able to pass through the membrane, such as ions and carbohydrates.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

Published on: May 10, 2017

Cardiac Diffusion: Technique and Practical Applications.

Sonia Nielles-Vallespin^1,2, Andrew Scott^1,2, Pedro Ferreira^1,2

¹Cardiovascular MR Unit, Royal Brompton And Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI

|September 5, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac diffusion MRI offers a noninvasive window into the heart's 3D microarchitecture. This technique reveals dynamic microstructural changes in healthy and diseased hearts, aiding clinical diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

Keywords:

cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor MRI diffusion weighted MRI helix angle laminar structure myocardial architecture sheetlet angle

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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques

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Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

Published on: May 10, 2017

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques

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Published on: June 11, 2019

The Ladder Rung Walking Task: A Scoring System and its Practical Application.

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Published on: June 12, 2009

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Imaging
Biophysics
Medical Physics

Background:

The heart's 3D microarchitecture, including cardiomyocyte arrangement and shear layers, dictates its mechanical and electrical functions.
Understanding myocardial microstructure is crucial for diagnosing cardiac pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the principles and applications of cardiac diffusion MRI for interrogating myocardial 3D microarchitecture.
To highlight the potential of in vivo cardiac diffusion techniques for clinical diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

Main Methods:

Cardiac diffusion MRI leverages water molecule self-diffusion, constrained by tissue boundaries, to map myocardial microstructure.
Explains in vivo and ex vivo cardiac MR diffusion acquisition and postprocessing techniques.

Main Results:

Cardiac diffusion provides a noninvasive method to assess dynamic microstructural changes during cardiac contraction.
It enables the detection of pathophysiological changes associated with cardiac diseases.

Conclusions:

Cardiac diffusion MRI is a powerful, translatable technology for novel microstructural and functional assessment in patients.
It opens new diagnostic avenues for various cardiac pathologies.