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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
Published on: April 14, 2017
[Primary sclerosing cholangitis in Iceland 1992-2012]
Hafsteinn Oli Gudnason1, Jon Orvar Kristinsson1, Ottar Mar Bergmann1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland.
This study found a lower incidence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in Iceland compared to Scandinavia. While 12% of patients died, mainly from cholangiocarcinoma, 7% underwent liver transplantation.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Gastroenterology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, progressive liver disease causing bile duct inflammation and strictures.
- PSC is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), particularly ulcerative colitis (UC).
- Previous studies indicate high PSC incidence in Scandinavian countries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the epidemiology of PSC in Iceland between 1992 and 2012.
- To determine patient outcomes, including mortality and liver transplantation rates.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of hospital records and imaging (ERCP, MRCP) from 1992-2012.
- Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of cholangitis (ICD-10, K83.0).
- Data collection extended to the end of 2016 for patient outcomes.
Main Results:
- 42 PSC patients diagnosed; median age 34, 67% male, 90% adult.
- Mean annual incidence was 0.69/100,000; 88% had IBD (89% UC).
- Cancer diagnosed in 7 patients; 12% mortality (3 from cholangiocarcinoma), 7% liver transplantation.
Conclusions:
- PSC incidence in Iceland is lower than in Scandinavia, possibly due to lower prevalence or underdiagnosis.
- Cholangiocarcinoma remains a significant cause of mortality in PSC patients.
- Liver transplantation rates and mortality highlight the severity of PSC outcomes.
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08:14Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

