Recent progress in haploidentical transplantation: is this the optimal choice for alternative donor transplantation?

This article is intended to review recent trends and improvements in haploidentical transplantation to understand its current status and future direction.

The noninferiority of haploidentical donors compared with other donor sources, including HLA-matched related or unrelated donors, has been demonstrated in patients with various hematological diseases. The development of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis using posttransplant cyclophosphamide has effectively reduced transplant-related mortality caused by GVHD, graft rejection, and other related complications. Novel GVHD prophylactic methods and other supportive strategies are under intense investigation to reduce the risk of infections and retain graft-versus-leukemia/lymphoma effects after transplantation.

Recent progress in haploidentical stem cell transplantation has broadened the availability of donor sources for patients with hematological diseases. It is important to compare and examine the impact of donor sources on transplant outcomes to achieve a better understanding about the appropriate donor choice for each patient.