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Related Concept Videos

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells09:43

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Altered intracellular heme levels are associated with common diseases such as cancer. Thus, there is a need to measure heme biosynthesis levels in diverse cells. The goal of this protocol is to provide a fast and sensitive method to measure and compare the levels of heme synthesis in different...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells
09:43

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Published on: July 9, 2015

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Recent advances in heme biocatalysis engineering.

Lisa Marie Schmitz1, Katrin Rosenthal1, Stephan Lütz1

  • 1Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|September 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Heme enzymes are powerful biocatalysts for oxidation reactions. Protein engineering advances have boosted their stability and activity, making them competitive with chemical synthesis for industrial applications.

Keywords:
cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s)genomic data miningheme enzymesheme peroxidasesperoxygenasesprotein engineering

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells
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Measurement of Tissue Non-Heme Iron Content using a Bathophenanthroline-Based Colorimetric Assay
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Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis
  • Protein Engineering
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Heme enzymes offer versatile oxidation capabilities but faced industrial limitations due to low activity and stability.
  • Recent progress in discovering new biocatalysts and protein engineering has overcome these challenges.
  • Heme enzymes are increasingly viable for industrial-scale biocatalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in heme enzyme technology.
  • To highlight improvements in reaction scope, activity, and stability.
  • To discuss the potential of heme enzymes as industrial biocatalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on heme enzyme applications.
  • Analysis of protein engineering strategies for enhanced heme enzymes.
  • Investigation of novel reactor concepts for biocatalytic processes.

Main Results:

  • A serine-ligated BM3 mutant demonstrated efficient carbene transfer to olefins.
  • Total turnover numbers exceeded 60,000 with product titers up to 27 g/L.
  • Heme enzymes now rival chemical synthesis in yield, selectivity, and environmental impact.

Conclusions:

  • Heme enzymes are becoming industrially competitive biocatalysts.
  • Protein engineering and reactor design are key to their success.
  • Further research promises expanded applications and improved performance.