Non-obstetric complications in preeclampsia.

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Cardiology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
• It is an underestimated risk factor for future cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and kidney diseases, often manifesting perimenopausally.
• The relationship between preeclampsia and future disease risk (causative vs. marker) is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on the short- and long-term maternal consequences of preeclampsia.
• To explore the link between preeclampsia and subsequent cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal events.
• To discuss the role of shared risk factors and lasting physiological changes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current scientific knowledge.
• Synthesis of data on maternal outcomes following preeclampsia.
• Analysis of risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Preeclampsia is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular incidents (PRES, stroke), and kidney injury (including ESRD).
• Shared risk factors like obesity, dyslipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction link preeclampsia and cardiovascular disorders.
• Cardiovascular, endothelial, and metabolic changes from preeclampsia may persist post-delivery, contributing to future disease.

Conclusions:

• Preeclampsia poses significant long-term health risks for women.
• Pregnancy may trigger underlying cardiovascular issues or cause lasting damage leading to future disease.
• Early identification and management of women with preeclampsia are crucial for mitigating long-term health consequences.