[Biologics in rheumatology]

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Immunology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Biologics, such as monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins, have been used in rheumatology for two decades.
• They are now a standard part of modern internal medicine practice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of biologics currently used in clinical practice.
• To discuss the immunological principles and therapeutic targets of biologic treatments.

Main Methods:

• Review of published clinical trial data.
• Analysis of treatment guideline recommendations.
• Discussion of underlying immunological mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins targeting cytokine signals, T-cell costimulation, and B-cell function represent key innovations.
• These biologics are indispensable for managing moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthropathies, and vasculitides.

Conclusions:

• While a complete cure for rheumatological autoimmune diseases remains elusive, early biologic administration leads to significantly improved disease courses.
• Biologic therapies help minimize long-term functional limitations for patients with rheumatological conditions.