Biogenic Amines Formation Mechanism and Determination Strategies: Future Challenges and Limitations

Area of Science:

• Food Science
• Analytical Chemistry
• Toxicology

Background:

• Biogenic amines (BAs) are increasingly studied due to evolving foodstuff monitoring.
• Understanding BA occurrence, formation, and health risks is crucial for public health.
• Existing methodologies for BA determination face limitations in speed and on-site application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the occurrence, physiology, toxicological effects, and formation of biogenic amines (BAs).
• To explore recent advances in BA determination strategies, including preconcentration and matrix effects.
• To discuss limitations, future trends, and developments for clinical and on-site ultra-trace BA determination.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on biogenic amine (BA) occurrence, toxicology, and analytical methods.
• Analysis of recent trends in preconcentration techniques, miniaturization, and automation.
• Evaluation of coupling BA determination with electrochemical, spectroscopic, and lateral flow methods.

Main Results:

• Biogenic amines (BAs) pose significant health risks, necessitating accurate monitoring.
• Advancements in preconcentration and analytical techniques are driving towards faster, more sensitive BA detection.
• Miniaturization, automation, and coupling with techniques like SERS and electrochemical methods show promise for on-site BA analysis.

Conclusions:

• Accurate and rapid on-site determination of biogenic amines (BAs) is essential for food safety.
• Future developments focus on integrated, automated, and miniaturized systems for clinical and field applications.
• Continued research into novel analytical strategies will enhance the ability to detect ultra-trace levels of BAs.