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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
Published on: January 8, 2020
Development of a physical employment standard for a branch of the UK military
Anthony J Treweek1, Michael J Tipton2, Gemma S Milligan2
1SO2 Physical Training Research, Air Command, RAF High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire , UK.
Abstract:
A Physical Employment Standard (PES) was developed for the British Royal Air Force Regiment (RAF Regt). Twenty-nine RAF Regt personnel completed eight critical tasks wearing Combat Equipment Fighting Order (31.5 kg) while being monitored for physical and perceptual effort. A PES was developed using task simulations, measured on 61 incumbents. The resultant PES consists of: 1) a battlefield test involving task simulations: single lift and point-of-entry (psss/fail); timed elements (react to effective enemy fire and crawl) set at 95th performance percentile; casualty evacuation (CASEVAC) casualty drag and CASEVAC simulated stretcher carry completed without stopping. 2) a Multi Stage Fitness Test level 9.10 to assess aerobic fitness to complete a tactical advance to battle. The task-based PES should ensure RAF Regt personnel have a baseline level of fitness to perform and withstand the physical demands of critical tasks to at least a minimum acceptable standard. Practitioner summary: A Physical Employment Standard (PES) was developed for the British RAF Regiment by measuring the physiological demands of critical tasks on a representative cohort of incumbent personnel. A task-based PES should ensure that only those candidates, irrespective of gender, race or disability, with the necessary physical attributes to succeed in training and beyond, are selected.
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