Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 20, 2026
Nucleophilic Substitution: SN1 and SN2 Reactions
Published on: April 30, 2023
Sulfinate-Engaged Nucleophilic Addition Induced Allylic Alkylation of Allenoates
Ling-Zhi Lin1, Yuan-Yuan Che1, Peng-Bo Bai1
1Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P.R. China.
Abstract:
A strategically novel Pd-catalyzed nucleophilic addition induced allylic alkylation reaction (NAAA) of allenoates has been successfully accomplished. By judiciously integrating ZnCl2-promoted Michael addition with Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation, allenoates readily undergo allyl-sunfonylation at the internal double bond, thus providing a straightforward avenue for the rapid assembly of a host of structurally diversified α-allyl-β-sufonylbut-3-enoate derivatives. The success of this transformation profits from a delicate control of the reaction kinetic of each elementary step, thanks to the synergistic interaction of Pd/Zn bimetallic system, thus suppressing either direct allylic sulfonylation or premature quenching of therein in situ generated ester enolate intermediate. Furthermore, by expanding the scope of workable Michael acceptor beyond those previously required doubly activated ones, such as methylenemalononitrile, the present work substantially enriches the repertoire of NAAA reactions.
Related Concept Videos
Nucleophilic Substitution
Nucleophilic substitution reactions are among the most fundamental topics covered in organic chemistry. A nucleophilic substitution reaction is one where a nucleophile (electron-rich Lewis base) replaces a leaving group from a carbon atom.
SN1 (S = Substitution, N = Nucleophilic, 1 = first-order kinetics)
SN2 (S = Substitution, N = Nucleophilic, 2 = second-order kinetics)
This video will help to...
Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group: General Mechanism
A stronger nucleophile can directly attack the electrophilic center, the carbonyl carbon. The HOMO orbital of the nucleophile interacts with the LUMO (π* antibonding) orbital present on the carbonyl carbon. This interaction breaks the π bond and shifts the π...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition–Elimination (SNAr)
The reaction begins with an attack of the nucleophile on the carbon that holds the leaving group. This results in the delocalization of the π electrons over the ring carbons. The resonance interaction between...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition
Nucleophiles
Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)
Conjugate addition results in a thermodynamically stable product. The reaction retains the stronger C=O bond at the expense of the weaker C=C π bond. The process is slow as the β carbon is less electrophilic than the carbonyl carbon.
Direct addition products are...