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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Tickling, a Technique for Inducing Positive Affect When Handling Rats
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Positive affect between close friends: Brain-behavior associations during adolescence.

Brittany K Woods1, Erika E Forbes2,3, Lisa B Sheeber4

  • 1Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.

Social Neuroscience
|September 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Adolescents experiencing more positive emotions with friends showed altered brain activity in areas linked to social interaction. This research explores the neural basis of friendship enjoyment during adolescence.

Keywords:
Adolescenceclose friendspositive affectreward

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of positive social interactions is crucial for adolescent development.
  • Friendship quality and positive affect are key components of social well-being during adolescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify neural correlates associated with positive affect experienced during adolescent friendships.
  • To investigate the relationship between daily life positive affect with friends and neural responses during social interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan 48 adolescents (14-18 years) during viewing of friend and stranger interactions.
  • Employed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to capture adolescents' positive affect in real-world social settings.
  • Analyzed data using multivariate repeated measures models to link affect with neural responses.

Main Results:

  • Higher positive affect in the lab was linked to reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity in response to friend interactions.
  • Greater daily positive affect correlated with decreased bilateral anterior insula response to friend stimuli.
  • Increased daily positive affect was associated with heightened left anterior insula response to unfamiliar peer stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Findings highlight the involvement of the lateral prefrontal cortex and anterior insula in the experience of friendship enjoyment.
  • Neural responses to social stimuli vary based on the quality of friendship and the context of affect measurement.
  • This study offers insights into the neural mechanisms supporting positive social development through friendships in adolescence.