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Related Concept Videos

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

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Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Barbiturates01:20

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Barbiturates

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a drug class that acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to alleviate anxiety, promote relaxation and induce sleep.These drugs function by amplifying the actions of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in reduced neuronal activity. Barbiturates, a subset of sedatives and hypnotics first synthesized in the late 1800s, are categorized into ultra-short, short, intermediate, and long-acting groups based on their duration of effect. A...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines01:19

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

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Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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High-Throughput Method for Measuring Alcohol Sedation Time of Individual Drosophila melanogaster06:15

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Current methods to measure alcohol sensitivity in Drosophila are designed to test groups of flies. We present a simple, low-cost, high-throughput assay for assessing alcohol sedation sensitivity in large numbers of single flies. The method does not require specialized tools and can be performed in any laboratory using common...
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An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila07:28

An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

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Straightforward assays for measuring ethanol sensitivity and rapid tolerance in Drosophila facilitate the use of this model organism for investigating these important ethanol-related behaviors. Here, a relatively simple, scalable assay for measuring ethanol sensitivity and rapid tolerance in flies is...
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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview
01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

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Propofol for palliative sedation.

Merlina Sulistio1,2, Robert Wojnar3, Natasha G Michael3,2,4

  • 1Department of Palliative and Supportive Care, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia msulistio@cabrini.com.au.

BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Palliative sedation effectively manages severe symptoms in dying patients. Propofol, an anesthetic, successfully treated agitated delirium in an inpatient palliative care setting.

Keywords:
end of life carepalliative carepropofolsedationsedative

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High-Throughput Method for Measuring Alcohol Sedation Time of Individual Drosophila melanogaster
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An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila
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Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview
01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

1.4K
High-Throughput Method for Measuring Alcohol Sedation Time of Individual Drosophila melanogaster
06:15

High-Throughput Method for Measuring Alcohol Sedation Time of Individual Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: April 20, 2020

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An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila
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An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

Published on: April 15, 2015

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Area of Science:

  • Palliative Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Palliative sedation is a crucial intervention for refractory symptoms like pain and terminal restlessness.
  • Agitated delirium presents a significant challenge in acute inpatient palliative care.

Observation:

  • This case report details the use of propofol, a rapid-acting anesthetic agent.
  • Propofol was administered to manage refractory agitated delirium in a palliative medicine setting.

Findings:

  • The successful application of propofol for agitated delirium in this setting was demonstrated.
  • Propofol's ultra-fast-acting properties were beneficial for symptom management.

Implications:

  • Propofol represents a viable therapeutic option for refractory agitated delirium in palliative care.
  • This case highlights the potential for anesthetic agents in advanced symptom management.
  • Further research into propofol's role in palliative sedation is warranted.