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Source: Laboratory of Dr. Neal Abrams — SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Transition metals are found everywhere from vitamin supplements to electroplating baths. Transition metals also make up the pigments in many paints and compose all minerals. Typically, transition metals are found in the cationic form since they readily oxidize, or lose electrons, and are surrounded by electron donors called ligands. These ligands do not form ionic or covalent bonds with the metal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Preparation of High-Temperature Sample Grids for Cryo-EM
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Cryo-EM reveals active site coordination within a multienzyme pre-rRNA processing complex.

Monica C Pillon1, Allen L Hsu2, Juno M Krahn2

  • 1Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers uncovered how the RNase PNK enzyme complex, crucial for ribosome assembly, coordinates its dual nuclease and kinase functions through a unique butterfly-like structure and molecular switches, revealing a novel activation mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ribosome assembly is vital for cellular translational capacity, requiring precise coordination of multiple enzymes.
  • The endoribonuclease (RNase) Las1 and polynucleotide kinase (PNK) Grc3 form a complex (RNase PNK) essential for precursor ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing.
  • RNase PNK is part of the HEPN nuclease superfamily, which utilizes diverse activation mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which RNase PNK coordinates its dual nuclease and kinase activities.
  • To determine the structural basis for RNase PNK's function in ribosome production.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was used to solve structures of Chaetomium thermophilum RNase PNK in various conformational states.
  • Biochemical assays were performed to validate the functional roles of identified structural features.

Main Results:

  • The study revealed a butterfly-like architecture for RNase PNK.
  • A composite HEPN nuclease active site and distinct RNA kinase sites were identified within the complex.
  • Two key molecular switches were discovered that regulate the coordination of nuclease and kinase functions.

Conclusions:

  • The findings establish a novel mechanism for HEPN nuclease activation.
  • This mechanism is essential for the production of functional ribosomes.
  • The structural insights provide a foundation for understanding enzyme coordination in complex biological processes.