Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

High-Throughput Metabolic Profiling for Model Refinements of Microalgae11:07

High-Throughput Metabolic Profiling for Model Refinements of Microalgae

4.2K
This protocol demonstrates the use of a phenotype microarray (PM) technology platform to define metabolic requirements of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green microalga, and refine an existing metabolic network...
4.2K
Protocol for HER2 FISH Using a Non-cross-linking, Formalin-free Tissue Fixative to Combine Advantages of Cryo-preservation and Formalin Fixation10:21

Protocol for HER2 FISH Using a Non-cross-linking, Formalin-free Tissue Fixative to Combine Advantages of Cryo-preservation and Formalin Fixation

14.2K
Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) is often required in combination with histopathology and molecular diagnostics for selection of therapy in personalized medicine. A novel non-cross-linking, formalin-free tissue fixative that allows high quality morphologic, molecular and FISH analyses from the same specimen by addition of a post-fixation step before FISH is...
14.2K
Training Laboratory Rabbits to Refine Routine Husbandry Procedures05:21

Training Laboratory Rabbits to Refine Routine Husbandry Procedures

3.8K
Training protocols involving positive reinforcement for routine husbandry procedures in rabbits were developed and proved to be successful, as the rabbits reliably showed the trained behaviors at the weekly general examination. Picking the rabbits up with the transport box was less aversive than the conventional handling technique.
3.8K
Immunohistochemistry Test for the Lyssavirus Antigen Detection from Formalin-Fixed Tissues08:42

Immunohistochemistry Test for the Lyssavirus Antigen Detection from Formalin-Fixed Tissues

4.6K
Here, we present an immunohistochemistry test protocol for the detection of rabies virus antigen as an alternative diagnostic test for formalin-fixed...
4.6K
Refined Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis07:51

Refined Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

923
This protocol delineates a method for inducing pulmonary fibrosis in mice through repeated oropharyngeal administration of bleomycin, yielding pathological features closely resembling those of idiopathic pulmonary...
923
Standardized Processing for Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Cell Pellet Immunohistochemistry Controls06:43

Standardized Processing for Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Cell Pellet Immunohistochemistry Controls

9.3K
Presented here is a protocol for generating formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell pellet controls for...
9.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Critical uncertainties in preclinical research: Navigating trust, technology, and ethics.

Neuroscience applied·2026
Same author

Correction: Establishing standardized transthoracic echocardiography reference ranges for mouse models: insights into the impact of anesthesia, sex, and age.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Challenges and expectations on the use of automated home cage monitoring for advancing laboratory animal care and welfare.

Laboratory animals·2026
Same author

Long-acting parathyroid hormone receptor agonist rectifies hypocalcemia in autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 mice.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

Establishing standardized transthoracic echocardiography reference ranges for mouse models: insights into the impact of anesthesia, sex, and age.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium: Investigating gene function and providing insights into human disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

The Outcome of Cardiac Hydatid Surgery in The Iraqi Center of Heart Diseases.

F1000Research·2026
Same journal

Perception of body donation among the Phase-1 medical students, a questionnaire-based study.

F1000Research·2026
Same journal

Exploring Infertility in Saudi Arabia: Qualitative Insights into IVF Treatment Services and Policy Recommendations.

F1000Research·2026
Same journal

Cyber Military Operations under International Humanitarian Law: Interpreting the Concept of "Attack" and Challenges in Protecting Civilians.

F1000Research·2026
Same journal

Sentiment Analysis of Acceptance TVET Online Courses on the Skill Academy App from Google Play: Leveraging Text Mining with Comparison Machine Learning Model.

F1000Research·2026
Same journal

Emotional intelligence: An important skill to learn now more than ever.

F1000Research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

High-Throughput Metabolic Profiling for Model Refinements of Microalgae
11:07

High-Throughput Metabolic Profiling for Model Refinements of Microalgae

Published on: December 4, 2021

4.2K

A refinement to the formalin test in mice.

Douglas M Lopes1, Heather L Cater2, Matthew Thakur1

  • 1Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London SE1 1UL, London, UK.

F1000Research
|September 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an improved formalin test for pain research. Using sevoflurane anesthesia during injection reduces animal distress while maintaining reliable and reproducible nociceptive behavior results.

Keywords:
3RsBehaviourFormalinNociceptionPainRefinement

More Related Videos

Protocol for HER2 FISH Using a Non-cross-linking, Formalin-free Tissue Fixative to Combine Advantages of Cryo-preservation and Formalin Fixation
10:21

Protocol for HER2 FISH Using a Non-cross-linking, Formalin-free Tissue Fixative to Combine Advantages of Cryo-preservation and Formalin Fixation

Published on: December 25, 2017

14.2K
Author Spotlight: Training of Laboratory Animals for Gentle and Stress-Free Handling
05:21

Author Spotlight: Training of Laboratory Animals for Gentle and Stress-Free Handling

Published on: February 16, 2024

3.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

High-Throughput Metabolic Profiling for Model Refinements of Microalgae
11:07

High-Throughput Metabolic Profiling for Model Refinements of Microalgae

Published on: December 4, 2021

4.2K
Protocol for HER2 FISH Using a Non-cross-linking, Formalin-free Tissue Fixative to Combine Advantages of Cryo-preservation and Formalin Fixation
10:21

Protocol for HER2 FISH Using a Non-cross-linking, Formalin-free Tissue Fixative to Combine Advantages of Cryo-preservation and Formalin Fixation

Published on: December 25, 2017

14.2K
Author Spotlight: Training of Laboratory Animals for Gentle and Stress-Free Handling
05:21

Author Spotlight: Training of Laboratory Animals for Gentle and Stress-Free Handling

Published on: February 16, 2024

3.8K

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The formalin test is a standard in pain research, mimicking human clinical pain mechanisms.
  • Existing formalin test protocols lack refinements for minimizing animal distress and preserving behavioral outcomes.
  • Ethical considerations in animal pain research necessitate improved methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modified formalin test that reduces animal distress.
  • To ensure the modified test yields reliable, robust, and reproducible pain behavior data.
  • To validate the modified test's compatibility with pharmacological interventions and genetic models.

Main Methods:

  • Administering the inhalable anesthetic sevoflurane during formalin injection in animal models.
  • Observing and quantifying nociceptive behaviors (licking, biting, etc.) in response to formalin.
  • Validating results using gabapentin to suppress late-phase pain behavior and testing in transgenic lines.

Main Results:

  • Sevoflurane anesthesia significantly reduced animal distress during the early phase of the formalin test.
  • The modified test produced reliable, robust, and reproducible nociceptive behavior.
  • Gabapentin's efficacy was confirmed, showing no interference from sevoflurane anesthesia.
  • The method proved effective for screening pain behavior in transgenic animal models.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthesia with sevoflurane offers a refined approach to the formalin test, balancing ethical concerns with scientific validity.
  • This improved method enhances the reliability and applicability of the formalin test in pain research.
  • The modified formalin test is suitable for screening pain responses in various genetic backgrounds and for drug efficacy studies.