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Updated: Jan 20, 2026
Production of Single Tracks of Ti-6Al-4V by Directed Energy Deposition to Determine the Layer Thickness for Multilayer Deposition
Published on: March 13, 2018
Solid-State Phase Transformations in Thermally Treated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Paolo Mengucci1, Eleonora Santecchia2,3, Andrea Gatto4
1Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria Della Materia, Dell'Ambiente de Urbanistica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. p.mengucci@staff.univpm.it.
Abstract:
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology was used to produce samples based on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy for biomedical applications. Solid-state phase transformations induced by thermal treatments were studied by neutron diffraction (ND), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Although, ND analysis is rather uncommon in such studies, this technique allowed evidencing the presence of retained β in α' martensite of the as-produced (#AP) sample. The retained β was not detectable by XRD analysis, nor by STEM observations. Martensite contains a high number of defects, mainly dislocations, that anneal during the thermal treatment. Element diffusion and partitioning are the main mechanisms in the α ↔ β transformation that causes lattice expansion during heating and determines the final shape and size of phases. The retained β phase plays a key role in the α' → β transformation kinetics.
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