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Related Concept Videos

Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

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The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
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Curing Methods01:26

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Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
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Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Reproductive CRISPR does not cure disease.

Tina Rulli1

  • 1University of California, Davis, Philosophy Department, Davis, CA.

Bioethics
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR germline engineering does not cure genetic diseases; it creates healthy individuals. Its true value lies in enabling genetically related children for a select few, not in saving lives.

Keywords:
CRISPRgene editinggene modificationgenetic relationshipgermline editing

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Bioethics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing advancements raise hopes for treating monogenic diseases.
  • Popular media and scientific literature often highlight CRISPR's potential curative applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the therapeutic claims of CRISPR-Cas9 in germline engineering.
  • To differentiate between creating healthy lives and saving/curing existing ones.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of CRISPR's reproductive applications.
  • Ethical and moral evaluation of germline engineering.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR germline engineering does not treat or save individuals with genetic diseases.
  • It creates healthy individuals whose existence is not predetermined.
  • The moral value of creating new life is distinct from and lesser than saving existing life.

Conclusions:

  • Reproductive CRISPR applications offer limited value by enabling genetically related children for a small population.
  • This value is insufficient to outweigh ethical concerns and research investment considerations regarding germline engineering.