The influence of constraints on the efficient allocation of resources for HIV prevention

Drug resistance testing for HIV-1 infected individuals failing antiretroviral therapy (ART) can guide future therapies and improve treatment outcomes. Optimizing individual and population health outcomes in high HIV prevalence but resource-limited settings will ultimately require affordable and accessible drug resistance genotyping and interpretation...

Quantifying levels of HIV-1 RNA in plasma and sequencing single HIV-1 genomes from individuals with viral loads below the limit of detection (50-75 copies/ml) is difficult. Here we describe how to extract and quantify plasma viral RNA using a real time PCR assay that reliably measures HIV-1 RNA down to 0.3 copies/ml and how to amplify viral genomes by single genome sequencing, from samples with very low viral...

Here we describe cellular cytotoxicity and single round infectivity assays that allow for the rapid and accurate screening of compounds to determine their cellular cytotoxicity (CC50) and IC50 values against WT and drug resistant...

Budget constraint helps to describe the combinations of products a consumer can afford to buy with their limited income.
For instance, a student receives a weekly allowance of $100. He spends this on purchasing books and snacks. A book costs $20 and a snack costs $5. The student can purchase different combinations of these two products. For example, he can buy four books and four snacks. Alternatively, he can buy three books and eight snacks. Each of these combinations costs exactly $100,...

The distribution of goods among consumers is primarily shaped by market prices, which act as signals of relative scarcity and value. These prices guide consumers in making decisions that align their preferences with their financial constraints. Consumers seek to maximize their satisfaction, or utility, by choosing the combination of goods that offers the greatest possible benefit within their budget. The optimal consumption point occurs where the consumer’s indifference curve is tangent to...

Full-length individual proviral sequencing (FLIPS) provides an efficient and high-throughput method for the amplification and sequencing of single, near full-length (intact and defective) HIV-1 proviruses and allows for determination of their potential replication-competency. FLIPS overcomes limitations of previous assays designed to sequence the latent HIV-1...