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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

In Vivo Measurement of Hindlimb Dorsiflexor Isometric Torque from Pig
09:41

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Shoulder Flexion Torque Is Augmented by a Volitional Abdominal Isometric Contraction.

Paul A Cacolice1, Christopher R Carcia2, Jason S Scibek3

  • 1Athletic Training Program, Movement Science, Sport and Leisure Studies, Westfield State University, Westfield, Massachusetts.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Actively contracting your core muscles significantly boosts shoulder strength. This study found that volitional abdominal contractions, compared to subconscious ones, increased shoulder flexion torque in healthy adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • A stable core is essential for effective upper extremity function.
  • The impact of volitional core contraction on upper extremity torque is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if peak shoulder flexion torque differs with and without a volitional core isometric contraction.
  • To compare volitional core activation with subconscious core activation during shoulder flexion.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty healthy college-aged students participated.
  • Surface electromyography measured rectus abdominis (RA) activation.
  • Subjects performed maximal isometric shoulder flexion with and without volitional abdominal contractions.

Main Results:

  • Volitional core contraction led to significantly greater RA activation (15.8%) compared to subconscious contraction (6.3%).
  • Peak shoulder flexion torque was significantly higher with volitional core contraction (44.6 N×m) versus subconscious contraction (30.7 N×m).

Conclusions:

  • Volitional core activation enhances shoulder flexion torque.
  • Clinicians should advise individuals to engage core muscles during upper extremity strength exercises.