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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Predator-Prey Interactions in the Ecosystem
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Maladapted Prey Subsidize Predators and Facilitate Range Expansion.

Mark C Urban, Alice Scarpa, Justin M J Travis

    The American Naturalist
    |September 7, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Prey immigration from safe areas provides predators with easy meals, boosting predator populations and expanding their ranges. This eco-evolutionary dynamic highlights how gene flow can drive ecological changes and species interactions.

    Keywords:
    climate changeeco-evolutiongene flowlocal adaptationpredator-prey interactions

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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Population Dynamics

    Background:

    • Dispersal from predator-free areas can subsidize predator populations with more prey than locally produced.
    • Immigrating prey may possess reduced defenses, making them easier for predators to capture.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how prey immigration and eco-evolutionary dynamics influence predator-prey interactions and range dynamics.
    • To model the impact of gene flow-induced prey maladaptation on predator populations and range shifts.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized local models with linear or accelerating trade-offs between prey defense and population growth.
    • Employed individual-based models incorporating spatial structure, explicit genetics, and gene flow along environmental gradients.

    Main Results:

    • Immigration of undefended prey increased predator abundance and decreased defended prey via eco-evolutionary apparent competition.
    • Gene flow promoted prey maladaptation at the predator's range edge, enhancing predator subsidies, persistence, and range expansion.
    • Predator range margins were found to be elastic, driven by eco-evolutionary dynamics where predator expansion led to prey adaptation.

    Conclusions:

    • Gene flow-induced maladaptation is a crucial factor in predator-prey dynamics and range determination.
    • Species interactions and evolutionary processes mutually shape ecological patterns, particularly under environmental change.
    • Understanding these eco-evolutionary feedbacks is essential for predicting species distributions and responses to climate change.