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¹Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, National Capital Region, India.

|September 7, 2019

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Demography
Disability Studies

Background:

India's upcoming 2021 Census necessitates improved disability data collection.
Previous Census (2011) and survey methodologies for disability estimates differed.
Robustness of disability estimates requires addressing data collection issues.

Purpose of the Study:

Compare disability estimates between Census 2011 and recent population surveys.
Analyze data collection methodologies and definitions used.
Identify issues to enhance future disability data accuracy in India.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from Census 2011 and nationally representative surveys (DLHS-4, AHS).
Compared overall and specific disability rates (visual, hearing, speech, mental, movement).
Assessed estimate reliability using successive Annual Health Survey rounds.

Main Results:

Overall disability rate (DR) was 25.1% higher in Census 2011 compared to surveys.
Significant state-level variations observed, ranging from -64% to 107%.
Substantial differences noted in specific disability types (e.g., hearing, speech, mental).

Conclusions:

Current disability estimates from Census and surveys appear underestimated.
Global momentum towards SDG-aligned disability measurement is crucial.
Recommendations are needed to improve the validity and reliability of India's disability data.