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Related Concept Videos

Potential Energy00:52

Potential Energy

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The energy stored by a structure and location of matter in space is called potential energy. For instance, raising a kettlebell changes its spatial location and increases its potential energy. Similarly, a stretched rubber band contains potential energy which, under certain conditions, can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
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Potential Energy01:09

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A conservative force, such as a gravitational or elastic force, gives the body the capacity to do work. This capacity, measured as the potential energy, depends on the body's location or “position” relative to a fixed reference position or datum. The gravitational potential energy is considered zero at the reference point. Suppose a body is located at some vertical distance above a fixed horizontal reference or datum. In that case, the weight of the body has positive gravitational potential...
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Thermodynamics of a Redox Reaction
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics dealing with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. In an electrochemical cell, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
Thus, a link can be predicted between cell potential, free energy change, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Cell potential can also be measured as the oxidant or the reducing strength, and similar acid-base strength measures are reflected in equilibrium...
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Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

Surface Tension and Surface Energy

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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
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Fisher's Exact Test01:08

Fisher's Exact Test

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Fisher's exact test is a statistical significance test widely used to analyze 2x2 contingency tables, particularly in situations where sample sizes are small. Unlike the chi-squared test, which approximates P-values and assumes minimum expected frequencies of at least five in each cell, Fisher's exact test calculates the exact probability (P-value) of observing the data or more extreme results under the null hypothesis. This feature makes it especially valuable when the assumptions of...
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Types of Potential Energy01:16

Types of Potential Energy

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Potential energy is also known as energy at rest or stored energy. Common types of potential energy include the gravitational potential energy stored in an apple hanging from a tree, the electrical potential energy stored in an object due to the attraction or repulsion of electric charges, and the chemical potential energy stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules. Additionally, the nuclear energy stored in an atomic nucleus and the elastic energy stored in a stretched spring due to its...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Food, ATP and Potential Energy
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Food, ATP and Potential Energy

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Exact Potential Energy Surface for Molecules in Cavities.

Lionel Lacombe1, Norah M Hoffmann1,2, Neepa T Maitra1,3

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

We identified the precise potential energy surface controlling proton motion in cavity-induced proton-coupled electron transfer suppression. This surface directly correlates with proton dynamics, offering insights into suppression mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum chemistry
  • Chemical physics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is crucial in chemical and biological processes.
  • Cavity quantum electrodynamics offers new ways to control chemical reactions.
  • Understanding how cavities affect PCET dynamics is essential for designing novel photochemical systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the exact time-dependent potential energy surface governing proton motion in a model system exhibiting cavity-induced PCET suppression.
  • To elucidate the relationship between the potential energy surface features and proton dynamics under cavity effects.
  • To identify specific cavity modifications responsible for suppressing PCET.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the time-dependent potential energy surface for proton motion.
  • Comparison of the derived surface with polaritonic surfaces.
  • Investigation of cavity-induced modifications to the potential energy surface structure.

Main Results:

  • The exact time-dependent potential energy surface driving proton motion was identified.
  • Features of this surface directly correlate with proton dynamics, unlike polaritonic surfaces.
  • Specific cavity modifications responsible for PCET suppression were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the crucial interplay between nonadiabatic effects from photon and electron coupling.
  • Traditional dynamics methods based on polaritonic surfaces may require cautious application in cavity environments.
  • The findings provide a deeper understanding of cavity effects on fundamental chemical processes like PCET.