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Phase Transitions and Effect of Intermolecular Forces
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Dynamical Phase Transitions to Optomechanical Superradiance.

Simon B Jäger1, John Cooper2,3, Murray J Holland2,3

  • 1Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultracold atoms in a cavity can emit coherent light through superradiance. This requires specific conditions where atomic ordering forms matter-wave gratings, leading to dynamical phase transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Atomic physics
  • Condensed matter theory

Background:

  • Superradiance involves collective emission of photons from excited atoms.
  • Cavity optomechanics explores interactions between light and mechanical motion of atoms.
  • Ultracold atomic gases provide a controllable platform for quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate superradiant light emission from ultracold atoms in a bad cavity.
  • To determine conditions for stable, coherent light emission and matter-wave grating formation.
  • To explore the role of optomechanical coupling in driving dynamical phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis using a mean-field model.
  • Investigating a metastable dipolar transition coupled to a cavity field.
  • Examining the interplay of superradiant decay, pump rate, and photon recoil energy.

Main Results:

  • Coherent superradiant emission occurs when decay and pump rates exceed thresholds related to photon recoil energy.
  • Stable matter-wave gratings form, diffracting emitted photons above these thresholds.
  • Below thresholds, optomechanical coupling leads to dephasing (incoherent light) or chaos.

Conclusions:

  • Superradiant emission from ultracold atoms in bad cavities exhibits dynamical phase transitions.
  • The formation of matter-wave gratings is crucial for coherent light generation.
  • Optomechanical interactions, quantum fluctuations, and noise govern the observed behaviors.