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Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice07:02

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In the following experiment we describe a protocol for trace fear conditioning in mice. This type of associative memory includes a trace period that separates the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice
07:02

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Published on: March 20, 2014

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Behaviorally conditioned immunosuppression with cyclosporine A forms long lasting memory trace.

Tina Hörbelt1, Elian M Martínez-Gómez1, Martin Hadamitzky1

  • 1Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.

Behavioural Brain Research
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Learned taste avoidance (CTA) and immune suppression, induced by cyclosporine A (CsA), persist for at least 30 days in rats. This demonstrates long-lasting conditioned immune memory, even after extended retention intervals.

Keywords:
Behavioral conditioningConditioned taste avoidance (CTA)Cyclosporine A (CsA)Retention interval (RI)

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Behaviorally conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) can suppress immune functions.
  • The duration of these conditioned immune responses is not well understood.
  • Investigating long-term retention is crucial for understanding learned immune modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of prolonged retention intervals (14 and 30 days) on CTA and conditioned immune responses.
  • To determine if learned immune suppression following CTA conditioning is a long-lasting effect.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were conditioned using saccharin (CS) and cyclosporine A (US).
  • Behavioral CTA was assessed upon re-exposure to saccharin after 14 and 30 days.
  • Ex vivo splenocyte production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was measured after stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Conditioned rats exhibited significant CTA after both 14 and 30 days.
  • Pro-inflammatory IFN-γ production was significantly suppressed in conditioned rats at both time points.
  • These findings indicate the formation of long-lasting memory traces for both behavioral and immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Conditioned taste avoidance paradigms utilizing cyclosporine A establish durable learned behavioral and immune responses.
  • Learned immune suppression can be maintained for extended periods (at least 30 days).
  • This research highlights the potential for long-term modulation of immune function through behavioral conditioning.