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Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
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Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology08:28

Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology

We provide a reproducible method for culturing confluent monolayers of human fetal retinal pigment epithelial cells (hfRPE) cells that exhibit morphology, physiology, polarity, and protein and gene expression patterns of adult native tissue. This work has been extended to an animal model of several eye...
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Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy12:24

Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy

We present guidelines for developing synthetic 'chemical transducers' that can induce communication between naturally unrelated proteins. In addition, detailed protocols are presented for synthesizing and testing a specific 'transducer' that enables a growth factor to activate a detoxifying enzyme and consequently, to regulate the cleavage of an anticancer prodrug.
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Imaging Ca2+ Signals in Small Pulmonary Veins at Physiological Intraluminal Pressures05:35

Imaging Ca2+ Signals in Small Pulmonary Veins at Physiological Intraluminal Pressures

In this protocol, we present a novel technique for recording and analyzing Ca2+ signals in intrapulmonary veins (small pulmonary veins or PVs) at physiological intraluminal pressures. The technique involves isolating small PVs, incubating them with a Ca2+ indicator, cannulating and pressurizing them, confocal imaging of Ca2+ signals, and data...
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Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises13:56

Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises

This is a demonstration of how biological membranes can be understood using electrical models. We also demonstrate procedures for recording action potentials from the ventral nerve cord of the crayfish for student orientated...
23.2K
Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays07:42

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays

Here, we present a protocol for antibody arrays to identify alterations in signaling pathways in various cellular models. These changes, caused by drugs/hypoxia/ultra-violet light/radiation, or by overexpression/downregulation/knockouts, are important for various disease models and can indicate whether a therapy will be effective or can identify mechanisms of drugs...
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