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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder
06:54

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Tester and testing procedure influence clinically determined gait speed.

Stuart J Warden1, Allie C Kemp2, Ziyue Liu3

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States; La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.

Gait & Posture
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Detecting changes in usual gait speed (UGS) is crucial for health. To ensure reliable UGS assessment, use the same tester or automated timing and maintain a consistent test protocol.

Keywords:
Activities of daily livingLocomotionPhysical examinationPhysical fitnessPhysical functional performanceWalking speed

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Clinical Assessment
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Reliable detection of meaningful changes (0.1-0.2 m/s) in usual gait speed (UGS) is clinically important.
  • Reduced UGS is a significant indicator of morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of the tester on UGS assessment.
  • To determine the influence of test repetition, timing method, and starting condition on UGS and fast gait speed (FGS) detection.

Main Methods:

  • 725 participants' UGS and FGS were assessed over an 8-m course using infrared timing gates.
  • Manual stopwatch and automated timing methods were used for stationary and dynamic starts.
  • Testing involved 13 trained testers, with comparisons between trial 1 and trial 2.

Main Results:

  • Tester variability was observed in UGS measurements between manual and automated timing (p=0.02).
  • 95% limits of agreement for UGS were ±0.15 m/s to ±0.20 m/s, aligning with clinically meaningful change.
  • Limits of agreement for FGS were larger, ranging from ±0.26 m/s to ±0.35 m/s.

Conclusions:

  • To control for tester effects in UGS assessment, repeat testing should be conducted by the same tester or utilize automated timing.
  • Consistent adherence to the test protocol is essential to avoid detecting artificial clinically meaningful changes in gait speed.