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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

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Help or hurt? How attention modulates tics under different conditions.

Katja Herrmann1, Andreas Sprenger2, Leoni Baumung1

  • 1Institute of Neurogenetics, Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Attention significantly impacts Tourette syndrome (TS) symptoms. Focusing on tics worsens them during free ticcing, while suppressing tics is hindered by distraction or focusing on tics, suggesting tailored attention strategies are needed.

Keywords:
ArousalAttentionTicsTourette syndromeUrge

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by involuntary motor and vocal tics.
  • Tics in TS can be influenced by attention, with frequency often increasing when individuals focus on or suppress their tics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different attentional states modulate urge intensity, tic frequency, and arousal in individuals with Tourette syndrome.
  • To differentiate the effects of attention during free ticcing versus tic suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed tic frequency (video), urge intensity (rating scale), and arousal (pupil width via pupillometry) in 23 TS patients.
  • Utilized five attention conditions: baseline, live video feedback, recorded video, thinking about tic triggers, and distraction.
  • Evaluated these conditions during both free ticcing and tic suppression states.

Main Results:

  • Urge intensity and tic frequency increased during free ticcing when viewing tics live or thinking about triggers.
  • Tic frequency increased during suppression when watching videos of tics, thinking about them, or being distracted.
  • Pupil width, indicating arousal, significantly increased when viewing tics (live or recorded) in both tic states.

Conclusions:

  • Paying attention to one's own tics can be counterproductive when not actively suppressing them.
  • Distraction or focusing on tics may be detrimental during tic suppression, challenging current behavioral therapy approaches.
  • Urge intensity appears to be a key driver of tic frequency changes, modulated by attention.