Organs, Cultivars, Soil, and Fruit Properties Affect Structure of Endophytic Mycobiota of Pinggu Peach Trees

Pinggu peach (Prunus persica (L.)) has great economic and ecological value in north China. As a plant, the peach is naturally colonized by a variety of endophytic fungi, which are very important for tree growth and health. However, the mycobiota composition and their affecting factors of the peach trees are still unknown. In our study, the fungal communities in flowers, leaves, stems, and roots of the three cultivars (Dajiubao, Qingfeng, and Jingyan) of Pinggu peach trees and in the rhizosphere soils were investigated by both Illumina Miseq sequencing of ITS rDNA and traditional culturing methods. For organs, except for roots, flowers had the highest fungal richness and diversity, while the leaves had the lowest richness and diversity. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant phyla among samples. The fungal assemblage composition of each organ was distinctive. Fungal communities of the three cultivars also differed from each other. The fungal community structure significantly correlated with soil pH, soil K, fruit soluble solid content, and fruit titratable acidity with the redundancy analysis (RDA). Most isolated fungal strains can be found within high-throughput sequencing identified taxa. This study indicates that plant organs, the cultivars, the soil, and fruit properties may have profound effects on the endophytic fungal community structure associated with Pinggu peach trees. With this study, microbiota-mediated pathogen protection and fruit quality promotion associated with peach trees could be further studied.