CKD in China: Evolving Spectrum and Public Health Implications

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Diabetes is a leading global cause of kidney failure.
• Glomerulonephritis was historically predominant in developing nations like China.
• Increasing obesity and diabetes rates significantly impact chronic kidney disease (CKD) patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate changes in the spectrum of non-dialysis-dependent CKD in China.
• To analyze the shift in CKD causes over time.
• To understand the impact of noncommunicable diseases on CKD epidemiology.

Main Methods:

• Utilized data from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System.
• Analyzed trends in non-dialysis-dependent CKD patient demographics and causes.
• Compared the prevalence of diabetes-related CKD versus glomerulonephritis-related CKD.

Main Results:

• Since 2011, diabetes has become the primary cause of CKD in China, exceeding glomerulonephritis.
• Observed increases in hypertensive nephropathy and obstructive kidney disease.
• CKD spectrum in China now mirrors patterns seen in developed countries.

Conclusions:

• Societal and environmental changes have shifted China's CKD profile towards developed country patterns.
• Urgent public health interventions are required, including national CKD surveillance and improved management of diabetes and hypertension.
• Reducing the CKD burden necessitates collaborative efforts from government, medical professionals, and the public.