05:40The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
Self-Concept
Sex-linked Disorders
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Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds
Understanding Self-Concept
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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
Published on: April 28, 2022
William H James1, Victor Grech2
1Galton Laboratory, Department practice guidelinesof Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, United Kingdom.
This study challenges previous research, finding a male bias at conception, not an equal sex ratio. Historical birth data suggests more males are conceived, miscarried, and survive to birth.
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