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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches to Determine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability
Published on: October 19, 2018
A second open reading frame in human enterovirus determines viral replication in intestinal epithelial cells
Haoran Guo1,2, Yan Li2, Guanchen Liu2
1Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
A second viral gene, ORF2p, is crucial for human enterovirus intestinal infections. Its expression aids virus replication and release from intestinal cells, impacting viral spread.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Human enteroviruses (HEVs) are common non-enveloped RNA viruses.
- Viral proteins are typically derived from a single open reading frame (ORF).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of a second ORF (ORF2) in HEV intestinal infection.
- To understand the function of the ORF2 protein (ORF2p) in viral replication and release.
Main Methods:
- Characterization of ORF2p expression in human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).
- Analysis of viral replication and particle release upon disruption or ectopic expression of ORF2p.
- Investigation of the conserved WIGHPV domain's role in ORF2p function.
Main Results:
- Disrupting ORF2p expression reduced EV-A71 replication in IECs.
- ORF2p from various enteroviruses enhanced replication of ORF2p-defective EV-A71 and EV-D68 in IECs.
- The WIGHPV domain of ORF2p is essential for intestinal infection.
- ORF2p facilitates EV-A71 release and supports EV-D68 infection in IECs.
Conclusions:
- ORF2p is a critical determinant for enteric enterovirus replication in the human intestine.
- ORF2p plays a key role in viral particle release from intestinal cells.
- This finding reveals a novel mechanism for enterovirus intestinal tropism.
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