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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

A Method for Investigating Change Blindness in Pigeons Columba Livia
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Sensory and working memory in a spatial change-detection task by pigeons and humans.

Kenneth Leising1, Justin Jacqmain1, Cheyenne Elliott1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States.

Behavioural Processes
|September 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that both humans and pigeons rely on sensory memory for short-term visual recall and working memory for longer durations. Despite species-specific timing differences, their memory systems function similarly in change detection tasks.

Keywords:
Change detectionHumansPigeonsSensory memorySpatial working memoryVisual short-term memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Comparative Cognition
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Short-term visual memory relies on sensory (iconic) memory, characterized by high capacity but short duration.
  • Longer-term judgments depend on working memory, which has lower capacity and volatility but greater duration.
  • Understanding the interplay between these memory systems is crucial for cognitive research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional similarities and differences in visual memory systems between humans and pigeons.
  • To examine how factors like delay duration, item quantity, and visual masking affect change detection accuracy.
  • To explore the time course of sensory and working memory contributions in a spatial change-detection task.

Main Methods:

  • A spatial change-detection task was employed with human and pigeon participants.
  • Manipulated variables included the number of items (2-8 colored circles), delay intervals (0-1000 ms), and the presence of a visual mask.
  • Performance was assessed by accuracy in identifying a changed item position after a delay.

Main Results:

  • Both species showed decreased accuracy with more items and longer delays.
  • Pigeons exhibited similar accuracy at 0 and 100 ms delays, with reduced accuracy at 1000 ms.
  • Humans showed better accuracy at 0 ms delay, with similar performance at 100 and 1000 ms; masking disrupted short-delay performance in both species.

Conclusions:

  • Results suggest functional similarities in how humans and pigeons utilize sensory and working memory, despite species-specific temporal differences.
  • The findings support a shared underlying mechanism for visual change detection across species.
  • Sensory memory's role is confirmed for very brief delays, transitioning to working memory for sustained recall.