Optimal design of CDM controller to frequency control of a realistic power system equipped with storage devices using...

This paper presents a new robust load frequency control (LFC) technique based on an optimal design of the coefficient diagram method (CDM) in a three area thermal power system equipped with redox flow batteries (RFB). In order to emphasize on a realistic power system and obtain an accurate insight, important nonlinearities due to generation rate constraint (GRC), governor dead band (GDB) and time delay (TD) were considered. The innovation of the proposed controller in this paper is the use of a hybrid intelligent combination of a decentralized CDM technique and optimization throughout its algebraic equations. In addition, a new algorithm namely grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) was used to find the key parameters of the proposed controller in solving the LFC problem for the first time. Furthermore, this study applied a powerful modified objective function by considering the integral of time multiplied squared error (ITSE) criteria for both controller input signal (ACE), to minimize the area control error and output signal (Δu) to reduce the size of the actuator, settling time (Ts) to have a faster response and a function to increase the minimum damping ratio (MDR) among all eigen values. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, the studied simulated power system was tested through different cases including a large step and sinusoidal load perturbations and wide uncertainty in dynamic parameters of a nonlinear power system. Comparative results have revealed the superiority of the optimal CDM technique, especially when it is equipped with RFB. In addition to graphical results, by taking into account the MDR of different control strategies, the preference of the proposed controller has become more validated. This newly developed strategy leads to a flexible and accurate controller with a powerful mathematical back up which can successfully cope with GRC, GDB and TD nonlinearities in perturbed uncertain power systems and provide fast, stable and robust dynamic responses. Thus, the proposed control strategy can be constructive and successfully applied to real world power system application.