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Carol Dweck introduced the term mindset to describe individuals' beliefs about their intellectual and personal capabilities. These beliefs significantly influence psychological processes such as motivation, goal-setting, and perseverance, ultimately shaping academic and life outcomes. Individuals generally possess one of two mindsets- a fixed or a growth mindset—each promoting different responses to success, failure, and challenge.Fixed vs. Growth MindsetA fixed mindset assumes that one's...
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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Growth versus Fixed Mindset
01:24

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When Do Growth Mindset Interventions Work?

David I Miller1

  • 1American Institutes for Research, Research and Evaluation, 10 S. Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606, USA.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|September 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A brief growth mindset intervention, teaching brain plasticity, improved grades for lower-achieving adolescents. This study highlights the importance of considering effect heterogeneity and context when analyzing results.

Keywords:
cognitive potentialeducational researcheffect size interpretationrandomized controlled trials

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Neuroscience Education

Background:

  • Understanding the impact of growth mindset interventions on academic performance is crucial.
  • Brain plasticity, the brain's ability to change, is a key concept in growth mindset research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if teaching students about brain plasticity can enhance academic achievement.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief growth mindset intervention on adolescent grades.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale, national experiment was conducted.
  • The study involved a brief growth mindset intervention focused on brain plasticity.
  • Academic grades of lower-achieving adolescents were tracked.

Main Results:

  • The intervention led to an average improvement of 0.10 grade points.
  • Effect sizes varied, indicating heterogeneity in the intervention's impact.
  • Debate continues regarding the interpretation of these findings.

Conclusions:

  • Brief growth mindset interventions show a modest positive effect on academic performance.
  • Evaluating effect sizes requires careful consideration of heterogeneity and contextual factors.
  • Further research is needed to understand the nuances of these interventions.