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Updated: Jan 19, 2026
Human Placental and Decidual Organ Cultures to Study Infections at the Maternal-fetal Interface
Published on: July 21, 2016
Reference centiles for maternal placental growth factor levels at term from a low-risk population
Liam Dunn1, Helen Sherrell1, Larissa Bligh1
1Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.
Introduction:
Placental growth factor (PLGF) is a biomarker of placental function. The aim of this study was to define reference ranges for maternal PLGF levels in a normotensive cohort ≥36 + 0 weeks.
Method:
Prospective observational data from Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane. PLGF levels were measured in women at ≥36 + 0 weeks with singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies. Women with hypertension and fetal growth restriction were excluded. PLGF (pg/mL) was assayed using DELFIA® Xpress (PerkinElmer Inc). The Generalised Additive Model for Location, Shape and Scale (GAMLSS) method was used for the calculation of gestational age-adjusted centiles. Data analysis was performed with Stata 13 (StataCorp, LLC) and R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). In all women, PLGF was measured within 2 weeks of delivery.
Results:
The study cohort comprised of 845 women (36 weeks n = 73, 37 weeks n = 230, 38 weeks n = 214, 39 weeks n = 172, 40 weeks n = 115, 41weeks n = 41). PLGF levels were negatively correlated with gestational age (r = -0.20, p < 0.001). Median PLGF levels dropped significantly from 36 weeks to 41 weeks (169.0 pg/mL to 96.6 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Gestational age specific maternal PLGF centiles were reported using fractional polynomial additive term and Box-Cox t distribution. PLGF did not perform adequately as a predictive test for adverse perinatal outcomes (AUC <0.6).
Discussion:
We have created gestational centile reference ranges for maternal PLGF from a normotensive cohort. These novel data suggest maternal PLGF levels decline ≥36 + 0 weeks. The utility of PLGF as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes at term, should be further investigated with clinical trials.
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